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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

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nf\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4ecb\u4e8euf\u819c\u548cro\u819c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u622a\u7559\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5728200~2000 da\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u90e8\u5206\u53bb\u9664\u5355\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<200\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8euf\u3001nf\u548cro \u819c\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8868\u9762\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8d85\u6ee4\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7b5b\u5206\uff08size exclusion\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u622a\u7559\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u4e8e\u819c\u5b54\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u3002ro\u819c\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u81f4\u5bc6\u65e0\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6eb6\u89e3-\u6269\u6563\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6eb6\u8d28\u548c\u6eb6\u5242\u5728\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5185\u7684\u6269\u6563\u6027\u548c\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u800cnf\u819c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u5fae\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8377\u7535\u5206\u79bb\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u819c\u5b54\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u57281nm\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a300~500 da\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cnf\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u673a\u7406\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f3\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u534f\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7b5b\u5206\u3001\u9053\u5357\u6548\u5e94\uff08donnan effect\uff09\u548c\u4ecb\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff08dielectric effect\uff09\u3002\u9053\u5357\u6548\u5e94\u53c8\u79f0\u9759\u7535\u6392\u65a5\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5e26\u7535\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u5e26\u7535\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u5206\u914d\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u819c\u7535\u6027\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ef7\u6001\u589e\u52a0\u5219\u622a\u7559\u7387\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u819c\u7535\u6027\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ef7\u6001\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5219\u622a\u7559\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4ecb\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a2\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u79bb\u5b50\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u80fd\u5792\uff08solvationenergy barrier\uff09\u548c\u955c\u50cf\u529b\uff08image forces\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd92\u79cd\u673a\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8enf\u819c\u5206\u79bb\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u7a7a\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u53d7\u5230\u7535\u8377\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u4f5c\u7528\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u819c\u5b54\u4e2d\u4e0e\u672c\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u79bb\u5b50\u4ece\u672c\u4f53\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u8fdb\u5165nf\u819c\u5b54\u5185\u65f6\uff0c\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5373\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u80fd\u5792\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u79bb\u5b50\u5728\u819c\u5b54\u5185\u548c\u819c\u5b54\u5916\u7684\u5206\u914d\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8be5\u5206\u914d\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u79bb\u5b50\u4ef7\u6001\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u503c\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6c34\u548c\u9ad8\u5206\u5b50\u819c\u6750\u6599\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u53d7\u5230\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6781\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5728\u4e24\u76f8\u754c\u9762\u4ea7\u751f\u6781\u5316\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7531\u79bb\u5b50\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6781\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u79bb\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u955c\u50cf\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u5e26\u7535\u6027\u8d28\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8865\u5145\u89e3\u91canf\u819c\u5bf9\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5e26\u76f8\u53cd\u7535\u8377\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u622a\u7559\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

02<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

1.\u996e\u7528\u6c34\u6df1\u5ea6\u51c0\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u88681 \u5546\u7528\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u590d\u5408\u7eb3\u6ee4\u819c\u5bf9\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8c\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u53ca\u5fae\u91cf\u6709\u673a\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u679c<\/p>\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

2.\u6d77\u6c34\/\u82e6\u54b8\u6c34\u6de1\u5316\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

3.\u57ce\u9547\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

4.\u5370\u67d3\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

5.\u5783\u573e\u6e17\u900f\u6db2\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5783\u573e\u6e17\u6ee4\u6db2\u5177\u6709\u6210\u5206\u590d\u6742\ufe51\u6709\u673a\u7269\u548c\u6c28\u6c2e\u6d53\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7b49\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u5783\u573e\u6e17\u6ee4\u6db2\u7684\u9ad8\u6c61\u67d3\u7279\u5f81\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u524d\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u751f\u7269\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f4e\u538b\u819c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u53bb\u9664\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u673a\u7269\u548c\u60ac\u6d6e\u7269\u7b49\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u3002\u524d\u7aef\u5bf9\u5783\u573e\u6e17\u6ee4\u6db2\u53bb\u9664\u6548\u679c\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6cd5\u4e3a\u538c\u6c27+\u597d\u6c27\u7ec4\u5408\u5de5\u827a\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u5efa\u6210\u7684300\u591a\u5ea7\u6e17\u6ee4\u6db2\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u5904\u7406+mbr+nf\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5de5\u827a\u7ea6\u536090%\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\ufe51\u8fd0\u884c\u7b80\u4fbf\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u597d\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u5728nf\u5904\u7406\u540e\u51fa\u6c34\u6c34\u8d28\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u8fbe\u6807\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u5728nf\u4e4b\u540e\u63a5\u4e0aro\u5de5\u6bb5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8enf\u5de5\u827a\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5360\u6bd4\u4e3a13% ~25%\u7684\u6d53\u7f29\u6db25%\u3002\u8c22\u9526\u706f\u7b49\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u7ea7uf+nf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6d53\u7f29\u6db2\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d53\u7f29\u6db2\u65e0\u5bb3\u5316\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u56de\u6536\u6d53\u7f29\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u8150\u690d\u9178\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c34\u6eb6\u80a5\u6599\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u3002\u6768\u59dd\u541b\u7b49\u91c7\u7528nf+nf\u6d53\u7f29\u6db23\u7ea7\u51cf\u91cf\u5de5\u827a\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6d53\u7f29\u6db2\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u51cf\u91cf\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u6c34\u7387\u8fbe\u523097%\uff0c\u51fa\u6c34\u6c34\u8d28\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fbe\u5230gb 16889\u20142008\u300a\u751f\u7269\u5783\u573e\u586b\u57cb\u573a\u6c61\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\u6807\u51c6\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

6.\u98df\u54c1\u53ca\u996e\u6599\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u996e\u6599\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u5e9f\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5370\u67d3\u5e9f\u6c34\u3001\u5783\u573e\u6e17\u6ee4\u6db2\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u98df\u54c1\u548c\u996e\u6599\u5e9f\u6c34\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u542b\u6709\u6bd2\u6709\u5bb3\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u60ac\u6d6e\u6216\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u7cd6\u7c7b\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u3001\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u91c7\u7528\u751f\u7269\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6709\u673a\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u53bb\u9664\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u7528nf\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u5728\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u79cd\u7c7b\u6bd4\u8f83\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u7528nf\u8fdb\u884c\u6d53\u7f29\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536\u3002chen\u7b49\u91c7\u7528\u7b49\u7535\u70b9\u6c89\u6dc0-nf\u6d53\u7f29-\u538c\u6c27\u53d1\u9175\u5de5\u827a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5e9f\u6c34\u7684\u5904\u7406\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5316\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u5728ph=4.8\u4e0b\u7684\u7b49\u7535\u70b9\u6c89\u6dc0\u80fd\u53bb\u9664\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u800cnf\u6280\u672f\u53d1\u6325\u6709\u673a\u7269\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u538c\u6c27\u53d1\u9175\u4e2d\u6d53\u7f29\u7684\u6709\u673a\u7269\u4f1a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u548c\u6cbc\u6c14\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8d44\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u3002andrade\u7b49\u91c7\u7528mbr+nf\u5904\u7406\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5e9f\u6c34\uff0c\u5176cod\u53bb\u9664\u7387\u8fbe\u523099.9%\uff0c\u603b\u56fa\u4f53\u53bb\u9664\u7387\u4e3a93.1%\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cnf\u8fd8\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u53d7\u6c61\u67d3\u5355\u76f8\u6d17\u6da4\u5242\u7684\u518d\u751f\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6a44\u6984\u6cb9\u5382\u5e9f\u6c34\u4e2d\u915a\u7c7b\u7684\u63d0\u7eaf\uff08\u53bb\u9664\u805a\u5408\u915a\u7c7b\u7269\u8d28\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

7.\u5236\u836f\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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03<\/strong><\/p>\n

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2.\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u4f18\u5316\u7684nf\u819c<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

04<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

1\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7eb3\u7c73\u63ba\u6742\u7684nf\u819c\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u6d82\u5c42\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4nf\u819c\u6c34\u6e17\u900f\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfb\u627e\u5bf9\u819c\u901a\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6d82\u5c42\u6216\u6539\u6027\u6cd5\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8epa\u5c42\u5185\u7eb3\u7c73\u63ba\u6742\u7684tfn\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6bd2\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u9700\u5f97\u5230\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7531\u754c\u9762\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u7684nf\u819c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5236\u5907\u7684nf\u819c\u666e\u904d\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8584\u5206\u79bb\u5c42\u539a\u5ea6\uff08\u7ea610 nm\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6c34\u548c\u6eb6\u8d28\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u7406\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u754c\u9762\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u819c\u5236\u5907\u800c\u8a00\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u975e\u80fa\u7c7b\u5355\u4f53\u5236\u5907\u7684\u65b0\u578bnf\u819c\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u805a\u916f\u7c7bnf\u819c\u5728\u8010\u6c2f\u65b9\u9762\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u805a\u9170\u80fanf\u819c\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u8010\u9178\u78b1\u3001\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u53ca\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u6e05\u6d17\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u805a\u916f\u516c\u4ef7\u952e\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

3\uff09 \u5728\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5546\u54c1 nf \u819c\u7684\u6c34\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u80fd\u4e3a 5\uff5e20 l\/(m2\u00b7h\u00b7bar)\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u4e2d\u80fd\u8017\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4f20\u7edfnf\u819c\u6539\u6027\u624b\u6bb5\uff08 \u5982\u7eb3\u7c73\u63ba\u6742\uff09 \u5bf9\u6c34\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u5e45\u5ea6\u6709\u9650\uff08\u5927\u591a\u6570\u62a5\u9053\u79f0\u67091\uff5e2 \u500d\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff09\u3002\u800c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u7684nf\u819c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6539\u6027\u540enf\u819c\u7684\u6c34\u6e17\u900f\u901a\u91cf\u53ef\u63d0\u5347 2\uff5e10 \u500d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cgui \u7b49\u62a5\u9053\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u5b54\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf nf\u819c\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u540e\u7684nf\u819c\u5177\u670984l\/(m2\u00b7h\u00b7bar)\u7684\u6c34\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u80fd\u53ca 98%\u7684\u786b\u9178\u9541\u53bb\u9664\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u9009\u62e9 \u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u9ad8\u8fbe89\uff0c\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5546\u54c1 nf \u819c nf270\uff3b\u6c34\u6e17\u900f\u6027\u80fd 14l\/(m2\u00b7h\u00b7bar)\u548c 99%\u7684\u786b\u9178\u9541\u53bb\u9664\u7387\uff3d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u901a\u91cf\u7684nf \u819c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u53ef\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u80fd\u8017\uff0c\u5728\u6c34\u548c\u5e9f\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u56de\u6536\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

4\uff09\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9700\u52a0\u5927\u65b0\u578bnf\u819c\u7684\u6297\u6c61\u67d3\u3001\u6297\u83cc\u4ee5\u53ca\u6297\u6c2f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347nf\u5b9e\u9645\u5904\u7406\u6548\u80fd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9ad8\u7aef\u8868\u5f81\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u63ed\u793anf\u819c\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u5206\u79bb\u5c42\u7684\u5fae\u7eb3\u7ed3\u6784\uff08 \u5982\u8017\u6563\u578b\u77f3\u82f1\u6676\u4f53\u5fae \u5929\u5e73\u3001\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u963b\u6297\u8c31\u3001\u6b63\u7535\u5b50\u6e6e\u706d\u3001\u5362\u745f\u798f\u80cc\u6563\u5c04\u8c31\u5b66\u53ca\u4e09\u7ef4\u900f\u5c04\u7535\u955c\u7b49\uff09 \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u6a21\u62df\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u6c34\/\u6eb6\u8d28\u548c\u6eb6\u8d28\/\u6eb6\u8d28\u5728\u65b0\u578bnf\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u673a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6765\u6e90:\u73af\u5883\u5de5\u7a0b<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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  \u6458 \u8981   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  nf\u819c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8584\u5c42\u590d\u5408ro\u819c\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u57281978\u5e74\uff0ccadotte\u7b49\u5229\u7528\u54cc\u55ea\uff08pip\uff09\u548c1\uff0c3\uff0c5-\u5747\u82ef\u4e09\u7532\u9170\u6c2f\uff08tmc\uff09\u5236\u5907\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f20\u8584\u5c42\u590d\u5408\u805a\u9170\u80fanf\u819c\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u9ad8\u6548\u622a\u7559\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0ero\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6c34\u901a\u91cf\ufe51\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684nacl \u622a\u7559\u7387\uff0c\u4e14\u8fc7\u7a0b\u538b\u529b\u4f4e\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u80fd\u6e90\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6c34\u4e0e\u6c61\u6c34\u5904\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5236\u836f\u4e0e\u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u7a0b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5546\u54c1\u5316\u7684nf\u819c\u90fd\u662f\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u590d\u5408\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u5206\u79bb\u5c42\uff0850~100 nm\uff09\u3001\u591a\u5b54\u652f\u6491\u5c42\uff08~50 um\uff09\u548c\u65e0\u7eba\u5e03\u5c42\uff08~ 100 um\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u65e0\u7eba\u5e03\u5c42\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u52a0\u819c\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u591a\u5b54\u652f\u6491\u5c42\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u805a\u77fe\uff08psf\uff09\u6216\u805a\u919a\u77fe\uff08pes\uff09\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u5206\u79bb\u5c42\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u622a\u7559\u5c42\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4e3apip\u4e0e tmc\u805a\u5408\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u805a\u9170\u80fa\u6750\u6599\u3002 \u56fe1 \u4f20\u7edf\u8584\u5c42\u590d\u5408\u805a\u9170\u80fanf\u819c\u7ed3\u6784\u793a\u610f nf\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4ecb\u4e8euf\u819c\u548cro\u819c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u622a\u7559\u591a\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u5728200~2000 da\u7684\u6709\u673a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u90e8\u5206\u53bb\u9664\u5355\u4ef7\u79bb\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u91cf<200\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8euf\u3001nf\u548cro \u819c\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8868\u9762\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u8d85\u6ee4\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u673a\u5236\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7b5b\u5206\uff08size exclusion\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u622a\u7559\u76f4\u5f84\u5927\u4e8e\u819c\u5b54\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u6eb6\u8d28\u3002ro\u819c\u5219\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u81f4\u5bc6\u65e0\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u6eb6\u89e3-\u6269\u6563\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6eb6\u8d28\u548c\u6eb6\u5242\u5728\u805a\u5408\u7269\u5185\u7684\u6269\u6563\u6027\u548c\u6eb6\u89e3\u6027\u5dee\u5f02\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u800cnf\u819c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ea7\u5fae\u5b54\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8377\u7535\u5206\u79bb\u819c\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u9762\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u819c\u5b54\u5f84\u4e3b\u8981\u57281nm\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u91cf\u4e3a300~500 da\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0cnf\u819c\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u673a\u7406\u666e\u904d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f3\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5171\u540c\u534f\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7b5b\u5206\u3001\u9053\u5357\u6548\u5e94\uff08donnan effect\uff09\u548c\u4ecb\u7535\u6548\u5e94\uff08dielectric effect\uff09\u3002\u9053\u5357\u6548\u5e94\u53c8\u79f0\u9759\u7535\u6392\u65a5\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5e26\u7535\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u5e26\u7535\u819c\u4e2d\u7684\u6d53\u5ea6\u5206\u914d\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5373\u4e0e\u819c\u7535\u6027\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ef7\u6001\u589e\u52a0\u5219\u622a\u7559\u7387\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u819c\u7535\u6027\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u4ef7\u6001\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5219\u622a\u7559\u7387\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4ecb\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u4e3a2\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u79bb\u5b50\u6eb6\u5242\u5316\u80fd\u5792\uff08solvationenergy barrier\uff09\u548c\u955c\u50cf\u529b\uff08image 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