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ro\u819c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7cbe\u5ea6\u9ad8\u8fbe0.5-10nm\u7eb3\u7c73\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u591aro\u53cd\u6e17\u900f\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u90fd\u4f1a\u642d\u8f7dpp\u68c9\u3001\u6d3b\u6027\u70ad\u3001\u8d85\u6ee4\u819c\u4e09\u79cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6ee4\u82af\u3002\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5f7b\u5e95\u7eaf\u51c0\uff0c\u53e3\u611f\u975e\u5e38\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f7b\u5e95\u53bb\u9664\u6c34\u78b1\u548c\u6c34\u57a2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5317\u65b9\u548c\u897f\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u7684\u5730\u533a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u6548\u679c\u5341\u5206\u660e\u663e \u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4e8c\u3001\u6839\u636e\u5b89\u88c5\u6761\u4ef6\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n
\u5bb6\u7528\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u4e00\u822c\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u53a8\u623f\u3001\u5ba2\u5385\u3001\u996e\u6c34\u70b9\u7b49\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5b89\u88c5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u4ece\u996e\u6c34\u65b9\u4fbf\u3001\u6392\u6c61\u3001\u7528\u7535\u53ca\u7ef4\u62a4\u7b49\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53d7\u5b89\u88c5\u6761\u4ef6\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5c0f\u578b\u3001\u7b80\u6613\u514d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
2.1\u514d\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88c5\u4fee\u5b8c\u624d\u60f3\u8d77\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u65e7\u623f\u5b50\u6dfb\u52a0\u51c0\u6c34\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u51b5\u6311\u9009\u5408\u9002\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u914d\u539f\u6709\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e03\u5c40\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u770b\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u514d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u53f0\u5f0f\u51c0\u6c34\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u578b\u76f4\u996e\u51c0\u6c34\u673a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4fbf\u643a\u514d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u53f0\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u5df2\u7ecf\u88c5\u4fee\u5b8c\u5de5\u7684\u5bb6\u5c45\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u6c34\u7b3c\u5934\u8fde\u63a5\u5373\u53ef\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u9700\u63d2\u7535\uff0c\u7528\u5e72\u7535\u6c60\u7535\u6e90\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u514d\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u53f0\u5f0f\u51c0\u6c34\u673a\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u996e\u6c34\u673a\u4e00\u822c\u81ea\u5e26\u50a8\u6c34\u7bb1\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u5b9a\u65f6\u6362\u6c34\u548c\u6e05\u6d17\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u8fd8\u9644\u5e26\u52a0\u70ed\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u996e\u6c34\u673a+\u51c0\u6c34\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n
2.2\u9700\u5b89\u88c5<\/p>\n
\u8d2d\u4e70\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65f6\u95f4\u5e94\u5728\u88c5\u4fee\u524d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u662f\u5bf9\u5b89\u88c5\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\u6c34\u7ba1\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u7535\u6e90\u3001\u9884\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e09\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25b2\u8fde\u63a5\u6c34\u7ba1<\/p>\n
\u524d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u3001\u8f6f\u6c34\u673a\u548c\u591a\u6570\u51c0\u6c34\u76f4\u996e\u673a\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5ba4\u5185\u6c34\u8def\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u524d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4e00\u822c\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u6c34\u8868\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u8f6f\u6c34\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u524d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u540e\u9762\u7684\u6c34\u8def\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5207\u8bb0\u4e0d\u8981\u88c5\u5728\u70ed\u6c34\u5668\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u70ed\u6c34\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u6c34\u8def\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610fpe\u7ba1\u4e0e\u63a5\u5934\u914d\u5408\u5230\u4f4d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5408\u5957\u5c31\u8981\u53e6\u5916\u8d2d\u4e70\u8f6c\u63a5\u5934\u3002\u8f6f\u6c34\u673a\u3001ro\u53cd\u6e17\u900f\u51c0\u6c34\u673a\u90fd\u6709\u5e9f\u6c34\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7eaf\u51c0\u6c34\u7aef\u4e0e\u5e9f\u6c34\u7aef\u5207\u52ff\u88c5\u53cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u538b\u9ad8\u4e8e0.4mpa\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u5728\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u524d\u52a0\u88c5\u51cf\u538b\u9600\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6c34\u538b\u8fc7\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5bf9\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u8fc7\u5927\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25b2\u9884\u5907\u7535\u6e90<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\u4e0d\u7528\u51c6\u5907\u7535\u6e90\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8fde\u63a5\u7535\u6e90\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u53a8\u4e0b\u6c34\u69fd\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u6d74\u5ba4\u7b49\u5f85\u5b89\u88c5\u533a\u57df\u9884\u7559\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7535\u6e90\u63d2\u5ea7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709\u9632\u6c34\u76d6\u3001\u5e26\u5f00\u5173\u7684\u63d2\u5ea7\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u7ecf\u5e38\u63d2\u62d4\u7684\u4e0d\u65b9\u4fbf\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u7684\u989d\u5b9a\u7535\u538b\u4e00\u822c\u662f220v\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u989d\u5b9a\u7535\u538b\u4e0d\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\u7535\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n
\u25b2\u9884\u7559\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n
\u6311\u9009\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u65f6\u4e5f\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u5b89\u88c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u88c5\u4fee\u524d\u6839\u636e\u5fc3\u4eea\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u63d0\u524d\u9884\u7559\u597d\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5b89\u88c5\u7a7a\u95f4\u72ed\u7a84\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6311\u9009\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u65f6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u201c\u8d85\u8584\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65e0\u7f50\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a\u672b\u7aef\u76f4\u996e\u673a\uff08\u8d85\u6ee4\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u3001ro\u673a\uff09\u8981\u5728\u53a8\u623f\u6c34\u69fd\u4e0b\u9884\u7559\u5b89\u88c5\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5907\u597d\u7535\u6e90\u63d2\u5ea7\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u673a\u8eab\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u6c34\u69fd\u4e0b\u7684\u6a71\u67dc\u7a7a\u95f4\u5339\u914d\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6c34\u69fd\u4e0b\u7a7a\u95f4\u72ed\u7a84\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u9009\u62e9\u8d85\u8584\u65e0\u7f50\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u8981\u8d2d\u4e70\u5e26\u6709\u51c0\u6c34\u5b54\u7684\u6c34\u69fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6839\u636e\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u672c\u9009\u62e9<\/p>\n
\u519c\u6751\u4eba\u4e70\u4e1c\u897f\u5bb9\u6613\u9677\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u820d\u5f97\u82b1\u94b1\uff0c\u5e38\u4e3a\u4fbf\u5b9c\u51e0\u5341\u5757\u4e70\u4e2a\u6b21\u54c1\uff1b\u8981\u4e48\u50cf\u571f\u8c6a\u4e00\u6837\u53ea\u4e70\u8d35\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d35\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4ef6\u957f\u4e45\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5bb6\u7528\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u6240\u5728\u5730\u533a\u6c34\u8d28\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u6311\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u5f53\u524d\u8d2d\u4e70\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u540e\u671f\u80fd\u8017\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6210\u672c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n
3.1\u8d2d\u673a\u6210\u672c<\/p>\n
\u9664\u5f00\u54c1\u724c\u3001\u6750\u8d28\u548c\u5de5\u827a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7cbe\u5ea6\u53ca\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u4ef7\u683c\u662f\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7531\u4fbf\u5b9c\u5230\u8d35\uff1a\u524d\u7f6e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668<\u8f6f\u6c34\u673a<\u8d85\u6ee4\u51c0\u6c34\u5668 \u867d\u8bf4\u8bb8\u591a\u5c71\u6751\u5c71\u9752\u6c34\u79c0\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e4f\u5c71\u6cc9\u6c34\uff0c\u53ef\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u81ea\u6765\u6c34\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u6216\u5b58\u3001\u8fd0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u4e8c\u6b21\u6c61\u67d3\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u5e26\u6765\u9690\u60a3\u3002\u600e\u6837\u6311\u9009\u9002\u5408\u519c\u6751\u5bb6\u5ead\u7528\u7684\u51c0\u6c34\u5668\u5c31\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u52a1\u4e4b\u6025\uff01 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